Modular arithmetic
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چکیده
Since congruence modulo m is an equivalence relation, it partitions the universe of integers into equivalence classes, which we’ll call congruence classes modulo m. Within any one of these classes, all of the members are congruent to all of the other members; but congruence modulo m never holds between members of different equivalence classes. For instance, there are two congruence classes modulo 2, one of which has all the even numbers as members, while the other has all the odd numbers. In general, there are m congruence classes modulo m.
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